COORDINATE CONJUNCTION

COORDINATE CONJUNCTION

Conjunction meruapakan kata atau kelompok kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan 2 kata,frase, klausa, atau paragraf. Conjuction memiliki beberapa jenis salah satunya adalah Conjunction Coordinate yang berarti kata hubung yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kata,frasa, atau klausa yang mempunyai kedudukan sejajar secara struktur gramatikal dan biasanya digunakan pada compound sentence (menghubungkan dua independent clause).

Berikut 7 konjungsi yang digunakan pada coordinate conjunction beserta contoh kalimatnya :

1.       For (karena) : hubungan “sebab akibat”

Ex : Jacob didn’t come Edward’s party last night , for he fell asleep.

2.       And (dan) : hubungan “penambahan”

Ex : He prefers to shoot the rose and butterfly.

3.       Nor (tidak) : hubungan “penambahan”

Ex : She didn’t come to the practice, nor she didn’t come to the ceremony.

4.       But (tetapi) : hubungan “pertentangan”

Ex : He get a bad score but he go the next class.

5.       Or (atau) : hubungan “pilihan”

Ex : Are you prefer stay at Indonesia or Paris ?

6.       Yet (namun) : hubungan “pertentangan”

Ex : She’s smart, yet she’s arrogant.

7.       So (jadi, oleh karena itu) : hubungan “hasil”

Ex : She has some money, so she can buy a car.

Have Something Done

HAVE SOMETHING DONE

Merupakan bentuk kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris. Have something done dapat kita gunakan pada saat orang lain memberikan pelayanan kepada kita. Lihatlah perbedaan pada dua kalimat di bawah ini :

• “I cut my hair”
• “I have my hair cut”

Dari kedua contoh diatas terdapat perbedaan makna, yaitu :

Pada contoh kalimat yang pertama memiliki arti “saya memotong rambut sendiri tanpa bantuan orang lain”, namun pada contoh yang kedua memiliki arti “saya tidak memotong rambut saya sendiri melainkan ada seseorang yang membantu saya memotong rambut saya”.

Grammar yang digunakan untuk “have something done” yaitu :

Have + Object + Past participle

Berikut ini adalah contoh lain dari have something done :

·         “We didn’t want to cook so we had a pizza delivered” menjelaskan bahwa kita tidak memasak melainkan ada seseorang yang mengantarkan pizza.

·          “I had my car washed at the new place by the station” menjelaskan saya tidak mencuci mobil sendiri, tetapi seseorang mencuci mobil saya.

·         “I had my watch fixed”                                                                                                                 menjelaskan seseorang yang memperbaiki jam saya.

Selain itu kita juga dapat menggunakan kata ‘get’ atau ‘got’ yang berfungsi untuk mengganti ‘have’ serta arti dalam kalimat tersebut tetap sama.

Seperti berikut perubahan kalimatnya :

·         “We didn’t want to cook so we got a pizza delivered”

·         “I got my car washed at that new place by the station”

·         “I got my watch fixed”

FUTURE

·         “I had my watch fixed” , menjelaskan tentang masa lampau (bentuk past).

·         “I am going to have/ get my watch fixed” , menjelaskan tentang rencana yang dibuat untuk masa yang akan datang (bentuk future).

·         “Going to” menceritakan rencana dimasa depan yang sudah dibuat

·         “Will” dapat kita gunakan untuk sesuatu yang akan diputuskan serta dilakukan. untuk sesuatu yang baru diputuskan dan akan dilakukan. Contohnya :

          “I just noticed how dirty my suit is. I will have/ get it cleaned soon”.

QUESTIONS

·         Apabila kamu menyukai potongan rambut baru temanmu, maka kamu dapat bertanya  kepada teman perempuamu seperti berikut :

 “Where did you have/get your hair cut ?” menjelaskan bahwa kamu bertanya kepada temanmu dimana dia memotong rambutnya.

• Mungkin kamu baru saja pindah ke kota yang baru dan memutuskan ini saatnya untuk potong rambut. Maka kamu dapat bertanya :

“Where can i have / get my haircut ?” menjelaskan bahwa saya bertanya kepada orang di jalan karena saya baru saja pindah ke kota yang baru

                                 

Tips to help keep your kidneys healthy

Tips to help keep your kidneys healthy:

·      1.   Keep your blood pressure at the target set by your health care provider. This can delay or prevent kidney failure.

·      2.Eat lots of  fresh fruit and vegetables (particularly the latter) together with grass fed beef and free range chicken and eggs.

·       3.Try to drink only water instead of other drinks. This should be pure filtered water – at several glasses per day (6-8 glasses a day).

·       4.Stay away from sugars, sodas and artificial sweeteners, processed salty foods and the bad trans fats and change to natural salt and good fats such as butter from raw cream, olive oil and organic cocnut oil.  Stevia is a safe replacement for sugar.

·       5.Cut back on salt. Aim for less than 1,500 milligrams of sodium each day.

·       6.  Be more physically active. Stay fit by at least 30 minutes of physical activity that increases your heart rate on five or more days of the week – suggestions include: including walking, bike riding, swimming or gentle aerobics.

·      7.Lose weight if you are overweight. Maintain a healthy weight and of course this will be achieved through the other lifestyle changes that you make.

·      8.If you smoke, take steps to quit. Cigarette smoking can make kidney damage worse.

·      9. Take medicines the way your provider tells you to. (Important! Certain blood pressure medicines called ACE inhibitors and ARBs may protect your kidneys. Ask your health care provider for more information.)

direct and indirect speech

1. Direct Speech 
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech, sometimes called quoted speech. Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

2. Indirect Speech 

Indirect speech (reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past, because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past. The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

Example :

• Direct: Budi said, “I am very busy now.” 
• Indirect: Budi said that he was very busy then.

• Direct : She said, “ my Father is writing letter.” 
• Indirect: She said that her Father was writing letter. 

It will be noticed that in Direct Speech, we use inverted commas to mark off the exact words of the speaker. In Indirect Speech we do not use the inverted commas. 

It will be further noticed that in changing the above Direct Speech into Indirect speech, certain changes have been made. 

Thus: 
i. We have used the conjunction ‘that’ before the Indirect Statement. 

ii. The pronoun “I” is changed to “HE”. (The Pronoun is changed in Person) 

iii. The verb “am” is changed to “was”. 

iv. The adverb “now” is changed to “then”. 

Rules for changing Direct into Indirect Speech: 

 When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all the Present Tenses in the Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense. 

1.     A simple present tense becomes simple past tense.

Example :

·         She said, “its cold.”

·         She said it was cold.

2.    A present continuous tense becomes a past continuous.

Example :

·         She said, “i’m teaching english.”

·         She said she was teaching english

3.    A present perfect becomes a past perfect.

Example :

·         She said, “I’ve been on the web since 1999.”

·         She said she had been on the web since 1999.

4.    simple past tense becomes the past perfect tense. 

Example :

·         She said, “I taught online yesterday.”

·         She said she had taught online yesterday.

5.    Past continuous become past perfect contonuous

Example :

·         She said, “I was teaching earlier.”

·         She said she had been teaching earlier.

6.    Past perfect become past perfect.

Example :

·         She said, “the lesson had already started when he arrived.

·         She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

7.    Past perfect continuous become past perfect continuous.

Example :

·         She said, “I’d already been teaching for five minutes.”

·         She said she’d already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

The shall of the future is changed into should. 

Example :

·         She said, “what shall we learn today?”

·         She asked what we should learn today.

The will of the future is changed into would. 

Example :

·         She said, “I will teach english tomorrow”

·         She said would teach english tomorrow.

The can and may of the future are changed into could and might respectively. 

Example :

·         She said, “I can teach english”

·         She said she could teach english.

·         She said,”May i open a new browser?”

·         She asked if she might open a new browser.